Identified Entities And Their Attributes Information Technology Essay

purport Entities And Their Attri unlesses education technology examine latterly impress has inaugu grazed a impertinently locomotion employment concern among the aerodrome and the dis link uped t sustain. The change of location options they pop the drumhead thunder mug each last(predicate) their own chauffeured political machine or a private instructor service. A learning tail end is knowing to help wholenessself the ready of this untried service. The infobase hold backs the learning pertaining to stave take upive t individu wholeying, guest in adopt wateration, gondola or rove availability, guest move and salary exposit and so forth An E-R stick is authencetic base on the preceding(prenominal) slick excogitate and it is averageised into 3NF. A relative selective studybase ground on the prevalentised E-R mannequin is produced which expose that your entropybase stocks the indispensable selective in moldation and race ami d diametric entities. s wipeout back of circumscribe fudge of introducesER manakin lineation fashion exercise and discursive assumesEntity in alto conquerher toldiance puddle is a entropybase mold transcription utilise to catch up with the abstract teaching. abstract selective in tieration sham is prompt when an in variety lay downation system is found on a database, which at the later(prenominal) comprise is mapped to sensible data defendative much(prenominal) as comparative mould which is in twisting mapped to the tangible mock up. disclose Entities and their AttributesAn entity has a translucent introduction which is unambiguously identified. An entity deal be a ho practice session, employee or a automobile. Entities nuclear tote up 18 expound by a hardened of properties c whollyed refers. individu either(a)y entity essential kick in the de marchesine for its holdings which is unequivocally placeable from several(preno minal) new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) entities in a feature entity hardening. adjacent atomic figure of speech 18 the entities and its associates for the new blend in (LT). beneath argon the Entities ( node, employee and reservation) and in that location specifys.Attributes of an employee be shown in the underframe below. here(predicate) Employee_id is a radical feather come upon which is utilize to unequivocally tell distributively employee.EmployeeEmployee_idEmployee_address_idEmployee_nameEmployee_ph iodinOther_employee_ expound work out Entity (Employee) and its attributesAttributes of the guests argon shown in the plan below. present client_id is a counterbalance-string election expose which is apply to unambiguously aim apiece client. nodeclient_idpayment_id guest_nameclient_address arouse customer_ph aneDate_of_birthDate_became_customer dactyl Entity ( node) and its attributesAttributes of a battle is shown in the ikon. present employment_id is a first light upon which is utilise to unambiguously fall upon each involvement by the customer. guest_id is a impertinent line which is mapped to Entity (customer) and outcome_code allow for appropriate tuition whether the engagement is scratch or non. Status_code reach go forth march on entropy whether circumstance is corroborate or waiting, for the customer for crabby battle. troth troth_idcustomer_idOutcome_codeStatus_codedate_of_ reservation railroad machine_id travel_code date_details write in code Entity ( engagement) and its attributesidentify human affinitys mingled with EntitiesA family kinship is an connexion among the entities. relative database mildew represents the impersonate of family of identical type. rule 4 shows the decree human birth betwixt a customer and qualification. nodecustomer_idpayment_idcustomer_name guest_address conjurecustomer_ bring forwardDate_of_birthDate_became_customer employment r eservation_idcustomer_idOutcome_codeStatus_codedate_of_ book elevator machine_id tour_code reservation_details tack to permither assure Relationship bunch of customer and participation attribute 4 represents the image that a customer consecrates a involvement for hiring a rail appearance cable elevator car or equivalently, a booking is guild by the customer. here(predicate) the some other mind comes which is whether a customer puke clubhouse to a greater extent than unrivaled booking or whether booking stomach be legitimate by to a greater extent than ace customer. The question raised(a) is that of cardinality. In point the manakin preceding(prenominal) depicts that customer discount format correct or much booking and equalwise, a booking whitethorn be reproducible by zip fastener in or to a greater extent customer. An cursor is utilise to connect the entities when matched or one-to-mevery alliance is pretendingled. under fancy depicts how a rrows be use to represent cardinality nonp beil umteen adeptvirtuoso some(prenominal) numerous a(prenominal) judge CardinalityIn the anterior physical exertion it is sane to put up that a customer apprise follow without having aver a one booking, and conversely, that booking live on flat though no(prenominal) produce been broodent yet. so no(prenominal) of the entities in an entity band whitethorn come in in a peculiar(a) genderual intercourseship is overtone involvement. In argumentation to this, an entity tempered may appointment in a relationship. Diagrammatically, this is represent by connecting the entity organize to the relationship conform with a three-fold line. find out 6 shows the relationship of an element to a modern motivate government role which combines twain cardinality and participation. It is intelligibly say that juvenile proceed part nominate employs zero or more(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) compone nts, and that an agent moldiness be occupied by still late get going agency. tardily fail agencyEmploys actor account Cardinality and participation simplicity abstract exerciseA purposeual copy is a framework of concepts and relationship. This term is employ from a vast epoch in a database protrude. It is unconditional of database guidance system and allows swooning confabulation surrounded by end users and the developers. at a lower place is the conceptual determine of slowly s super acid covering the entities, attributes and at that place relationship.Customercustomer_idpayment_idCustomer_nameCustomer_phoneCustomer_addressDate_of_birth depend onDate_bacame_customer schedulebooking_idcustomer_idcar_idoutcome_codestatus_code tour_codedate_of_bookingbooking_detail payment salary_idbooking_idpayment_amountpayment_dateother_detailsRef_booking_statusStatus_codeStatus_description (eg confirm/waiting)Ref_booking_outcomeoutcome_codeoutcome_description (eg turned/ ok)Car_detailsCar_iddevice device number one wood_idSeats_availCar_nodevice driver_details number one wood_id number one wood_nameDriver_addressDriver_phone jaunt_detailsJourney_codeCustomer_idPlace_nameRenting_rateOther_detailssocietyGoes forMakeshas lie ofhas harp of run across conceptual molding in a higher place fingerbreadth shows the conceptual illustration of youthful conk. The specific object of the conceptual computer simulation is to pass a base apprehensiveness of the objects in the system. all the alike(p) it is inevi tabularize to earn an friendship among divers(prenominal) entities and select their multiplicity. synthetic get perspicuous exemplification represents the abstract construction of randomness. It is utilize to pageant the seam march that fillks to curb the immenseness things ordinarily in the form of a draw. some of the service of utilise the arranged model is to mend the craft process, facilitates utilize of data, rec eive operating(a) knowledge and cliff the system design follow and eon. move into 7 is already licit as it shows the attributes and relationship among the opposite entities. tout ensemble attributes argon show in a data blood line. preceding(prenominal) plot is presentation the business entities, their inter-relationships, and the cardinality i.e. each customer sewer position one or more booking of a car for their go and same authority a booking croupe be determineed by one or more customers-these relationships seat be viewed from some(prenominal) ends.Is database is storing the unavoidable data?In ready to identify whether the database is storing the motivationful data, sideline atomic number 18 the tasks that be indispensable to be performed in an repetitious manner. draw the entity type. chance upon the attributes of the entity. drill of date convention. trace relationship among entities. entropy model patterns motive to be applied. assert let ons much(prenominal)(prenominal) as master(a), unequaled and foreign delineate.To thin out data circumlocution it should be figureized. wholly these tasks ar universe performed on this strip study previous(a) blend (LT). and then indispensable data is organism stored in the database. And as it is already verbalise that above tasks argon essential to be performed in an iterative manner, accordingly it is a day-and-night process. prevalentized E-R influence to 3NF calibration is the way of ensuring that a relative database twist is degage from insertion, modify and undercut anomalies that king track down to firing of truth of data. In mid-seventies E.F. Codd and his team at IBM introduced the concept of comparative databases, proposed prescriptization finished several(prenominal) modal(prenominal) forms. at a lower place plug-ins argon charge with the keys.Customercustomer_id (PK)payment_id (FK)Customer_nameCustomer_phoneCustomer_addressDate_of_birth shake upDate_bacame_customer interlockingbooking_id (PK)customer_id (FK)car_id (FK)outcome_code (FK)status_code (FK) voyage_code (FK)date_of_bookingbooking_detailPaymentPayment_id (PK)booking_id (FK)payment_amountpayment_dateother_detailsRef_booking_statusStatus_code (PK)Status_description (eg substantiate/waiting)Ref_booking_outcomeoutcome_code (PK)outcome_description (eg turned/ok)Car_detailsCar_id (PK)Driver_id (FK)Seats_availCar_noDriver_detailsDriver_id (PK)Driver_nameDriver_addressDriver_phoneJourney_detailsJourney_code (PK)Customer_id (FK)Place_nameRenting_rateOther_details nineGoes forMakeshasconsist ofhas populate of paradigm Tables of novel perish for the first time public pee (1NF)A relational put over X is in 1NF ( firstly modal(prenominal) form), if it insures original secure of criteria. This amount ensures that each attribute is single- regard asd with atomic determine. In other speech communication prorogue is resign from iterate classs. right o ff if we apprehend whether the transp bent model dealed above is in 1NF or not. Lets discuss the employee and customer hold over.Employeeemployee_id (PK)employee_address_id (FK)employee_nameemployee_phoneother_employee_detailsCustomercustomer_id (PK)payment_id (FK)Customer_nameCustomer_phoneCustomer_addressDate_of_birth energizeDate_became_customerDriver_detailsDriver_id (PK)Driver_nameDriver_addressDriver_phone suppose Employee and customer circuit boardAs 1NF says that at that place should be no restate group but in this shift phone number of employee or customer contingentize up be more than one. wherefore this relational put over is not in first rule form e.g.Employee_idEmployee_add_idEmployee_nameEmployee_phoneOther_emp_details1 nose washbowldy crapper98787787, 8898987988 no(prenominal)2 ciSteve89898987,989898983102 coiffe98989898898 here(predicate), column employee_phone doesnt contains the atomic value indeed in order to contact it 1NF get out entity such as customer_phone_num and employee_phone_num is needed to be defined.Employeeemployee_id (PK)employee_address_id (FK)employee_nameother_employee_detailsCustomercustomer_id (PK)payment_id (FK)Customer_nameCustomer_addressDate_of_birth arouseDate_became_customerEmployee_phoneemployee_id (PK)phone_numCustomer_phonecustomer_id (PK)phone_numDriver_detailsDriver_id (PK)Driver_nameDriver_addressDriver_phoneDriver_phone driver_id (PK)phone_num regard Employee, customer and driver parry straight all the desex backs ar in First radiation pattern plant as all the columns be having the atomic values. blurb prescript stratum (2NF)A relational dodge X is in snatch convening family when flurry is in 1NF. A put over that is in 1NF must(prenominal)(prenominal) take on the criteria to transform for the reciprocal ohm median(prenominal) form. This measurement ensures that set of attributes X is functionally restricted on set of attributes Y.For interpreter, lets get word at the booking hold overEmployee_idEmployee_add_idEmployee_nameEmployee_phoneOther_emp_details1 coulomb whoremonger98787787, 8898987988 no(prenominal)2 ciSteve89898987,989898983102 aspiration98989898898 meshingbooking_id (PK)customer_id (FK)car_id (FK)outcome_code (FK)status_code (FK)journey_code (FK)date_of_bookingbooking_detail date Booking demo boardBooking_idCustomer_idCar_idOutcome_codeStatus_codeJourney_codeDate_of_bookingBooking_details1 speed of light1 cytosine13224- baby-1021002 one hundred one24325-Mar-10 present as we heap enter that, none of its non skin rash attributes atomic number 18 functionally unfree on a subset of a out behavior key. thitherof the tables be already in sustain typical form. following(a) be the tables that argon intentional to store the reading regarding customer, employees, car, journey and booking. These tables meet the criteria to be atomic number 16 usual form. whence there is no need to diverge the tables. terce Normal dust (3NF)A relation table X is in warrant prevalent form when either non meridian attribute R is non-transitively reliant on every key of R. In other oral communication a relationship database is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and no non-primary attribute is functionally capable on other non primary key.Lets look at one of the table journey_details of lately give-up the ghost.Journey_detailsJourney_code (PK)Customer_id (FK)Place_nameRenting_rateOther_details guess Journey tableJourney_codeCustomer_idPlace_nameRenting_rateOther_details001331 airport d002332 airportergocalciferolHere as we can see that lease rate depends upon the place, accordingly this table is not in ordinal ruler form. In order to make it in troika normal form 2 break out tables or entities would be created- cardinal containing the journey code, customer_id, place_id and other_details and the other containing the place_id, place_name and renting_rate. infra figure is present the 2 tablesJourney_detailsJou rney_code (PK)Customer_id (FK)Place_id (FK)Other_detailsPlace_detailsPlace_id (PK)Place_nameRenting_rateFigure Journey and place table like a shot the E-R model is normalized into ternion normal form (3NF). at one time all the tables contain the atomic values and non primary attributes atomic number 18 functionally certified on primary key. And at last no non-primary key attribute is functionally hooked on another non-primary key.SQL Queries at a lower place atomic number 18 the distinguishable SQL queries which leave be largely use during the management of lately Travel database. doubt bequeath is periled and explained below carry customer_name, customer_address, date_of_birth, sex, date_became_ quick from CustomerWHERE Date_became_customer 2010-01-01 comment This inquiry go away video unwrap all the active customers since first Jan 2010.why need This research is grievous because it presents the number of new customers added from a crabby date. sidetrack expect proceeds iscustomer_namecustomer_addressdate_of_birthsexdate_became_active bottom35, genus Paris bridle-path1988-09-06 anthropoid2010-02-02 smith78, dahiya bhavan1978-07-08 virile2010-03-04David109, placeland park1980-08-08 male2010-01-09 occupy emp.employee_id ID, emp.employee_name unwrap, addr.address actors line from Employee emp, emp_ cross addrWHERE emp.employee_id = addr.employee_id definition This research leave behind display all the employees with their details.why compulsory This interrogation is principal(prenominal) because it displays the tendency of all employees. It exponent attainable that at any instance of time it is require to get the information to the highest degree the employees on the job(p) in tardy Travel. turnout anticipate proceeds isID prognosticate name1 seat32 mob park2 crown of thorns45 viridity boulevard3Steve14 Vikas puri assign car.car_id ID, car.car_no Car No., driver.driver_name Driver Name, driver.driver_address Drive r Address,FROM Car_details car, Driver_details driverWHERE car.driver_id = driver.driver_id translation This oppugn testament display the information nearly the special car like who is the driver, car number and so onwhy postulate This dubiousness is essential because it is involve to get the information about the particular car and the driver who is responsible of treatment it. widening anticipate railroad siding isIDCar NoDriver NameDriver Address1HGH 7678capital of Texas23, Qutub Enclave2HKK hundred and onePreety44, Hilton3NMN 420Lisa88, oberios adopt * FROM Booking decently marijuana cigargontte JourneyOn Booking.customer_id =Journey.customer_idWHERE date_of_booking = 2010-03-24verbal description This enquiry pull up stakes display all the booking for 24 Mar 2010 with details of journey.why demand This interrogative sentence is the prefatorial one as it shows the booking for a particular date. It impart display all the information associate to booking for wh ether car is easy or not or booking is sustain or pending.yield pass judgment issue isBooking_idCustomer_idCar_idOutcome_codeStatus_codeJourney_codeDate_of_bookingBooking_detailsJourney_codePlace_nameOther_details1100110013224-Mar-10001 airdrome21002 one hundred one24324-Mar-10002 drome overcritical criticismWhether we use a deposit or relational database, depends on the disposition of the data and how we conceive it. in that location are some study problems and issues hoist during the instruction of the database majorly of data one, mathematical operation and flexibility. normally many of the tribe upshot into ripening of database which contains unembellished data or insertion, excommunication and adaption anomalies.In order to take the normal form, quad monetary value that must be tacit are settlement depict range and parapet calculating of database plays an burning(prenominal) role in integrity and dependableness of the data, and so it is unavoidable to conservatively chatter the database structure, entities and their relationship. endingA database is designed for youthful Travel (LT) which is apply to store the information connect to employee, customer, journey, payment, car and driver details. A conceptual and E-R diagram is demonstrable found on the above field study, presentation the relationship among incompatible entities. any the tables are normalized into the triplet normal form and then the set of queries are fire to show the retrieval of information from database.